Life: It may have been up earlier in the universal morning than we expected.

Pamela L. Gay, Ph.D.
2 min readApr 16, 2022
White smokers emitting liquid rich in barium, calcium, silicon and carbon dioxide at the Champagne vent, Northwest Eifuku volcano, Marianas Trench Marine National Monument.

There are certain fundamental questions that most of us ask at one or more points in our life. One of the questions — how did life begin — spans disciplines across the field. It requires chemistry, biology, geology, and planetary science to even begin to approach, and as we get better at working together to study our solar system, the possible story of life…

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Pamela L. Gay, Ph.D.

Astronomer, technologist, & creative focused on using new media to engage people in learning and doing science. Opinions & typos my own.